[Analytics] Functions and Operators

The content in this article is appropriate for: Administrators and Supervisors

This article can also be found on our partner website: Looker functions and operators | Google Cloud

This article covers:

Mathematical Functions and Operators
String Functions
Date Functions
Logical Functions, Operators, and Constants
Positional Functions
Functions for Custom Filters and Fields

If your admin has granted you the permissions to create table calculations, you can use the following features to quickly perform common functions without needing to create SC Analytics (Looker) expressions:
Shortcut Calculations to quickly perform common calculations on numeric fields that are in an Explore's data table
If your admin has granted you the permissions to create custom fields, you can use the following features to quickly perform common functions without needing to create SC Analytics (Looker) expressions:
Custom groups to quickly group values under custom labels without needing to develop CASE WHEN logic in sql parameters or type: case fields
Custom bins to group numeric type dimensions in custom tiers without needing to develop type: tier LookML fields

Looker expressions (sometimes referred to as Lexp) are used to perform calculations for:

Table calculations (which include expressions used in data tests)
Custom fields
Custom filters

A major part of these expressions is the functions and operators that you can use in them. The functions and operators can be divided into a few basic categories:

Mathematical: Number-related functions
String: Word- and letter-related functions
Dates: Date- and time-related functions
Logical transformation: Includes boolean (true or false) functions and comparison operators
Positional transformation: Retrieving values from different rows or pivots

Some functions are only available for table calculations

Expressions for custom filters and custom fields do not support SC Analytics (Looker) functions that convert datatypes, aggregate data from multiple rows, or refer to other rows or pivot columns. These functions are supported only for table calculations (including table calculations used in the expression parameter of a data test).

This page is organized to clarify which functions and operators are available, depending on where you are using your expression.

Mathematical Functions and Operators

Mathematical functions and operators work in one of two ways:

Some mathematical functions perform calculations based on a single row. For example, rounding, taking a square root, multiplying, and similar functions can be used for values in a single row, returning a distinct value for each and every row. All mathematical operators, such as +, are applied one row at a time.
Other mathematical functions, like averages and running totals, operate over many rows. These functions take many rows and reduce them to a single number, then display that same number on every row.

Functions for any expression

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`abs`	`abs(value)`	Returns the absolute value of `value`.
`exp`	`exp(value)`	Returns e to the power of `value`.
`ln`	`ln(value)`	Returns the natural logarithm of `value`.
`power`	`power(base, exponent)`	Returns `base` raised to the power of `exponent`.
`rand`	`rand()`	Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
`round`	`round(value, num_decimals)`	Returns `value` rounded to `num_decimals` decimal places.
`sqrt`	`sqrt(value)`	Returns the square root of `value`.

Functions for table calculations only

Many of these functions operate over many rows and will only consider the rows returned by your query.

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`acos`	`acos(value)`	Returns the inverse cosine of `value`.
`asin`	`asin(value)`	Returns the inverse sine of `value`.
`atan`	`atan(value)`	Returns the inverse tangent of `value`.
`beta_dist`	`beta_dist(value, alpha, beta, cumulative)`	Returns the position of `value` on the beta distribution with parameters `alpha` and `beta`. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`beta_inv`	`beta_inv(probability, alpha, beta)`	Returns the position of `probability` on the inverse cumulative beta distribution with parameters `alpha` and `beta`.
`binom_dist`	`binom_dist(num_successes, num_tests, probability, cumulative)`	Returns the probability of getting `num_successes` successes in `num_tests` tests with the given `probability` of success. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`binom_inv`	`binom_inv(num_tests, test_probability, target_probability)`	Returns the smallest number `k` such that `binom(k, num_tests, test_probability, yes) >= target_probability`.
`chisq_dist`	`chisq_dist(value, dof, cumulative)`	Returns the position of `value` on the gamma distribution with `dof` degrees of freedom. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`chisq_inv`	`chisq_inv(probability, dof)`	Returns the position of `probability` on the inverse cumulative gamma distribution with `dof` degrees of freedom.
`chisq_test`	`chisq_test(actual, expected)`	Returns the probability for the chi-squared test for independence between `actual` and `expected` data. `actual` can be a column or a column of lists, and `expected` must be the same type.
`combin`	`combin(set_size, selection_size)`	Returns the number of ways of choosing `selection_size` elements from a set of size `set_size`.
`confidence_norm`	`confidence_norm(alpha, stdev, n)`	Returns half the width of the normal confidence interval at significance level `alpha`, standard deviation `stdev`, and sample size `n`.
`confidence_t`	`confidence_t(alpha, stdev, n)`	Returns half the width of the Student's t-distribution confidence interval at significance level `alpha`, standard deviation `stdev`, and sample size `n`.
`correl`	`correl(column_1, column_2)`	Returns the correlation coefficient of `column_1` and `column_2`.
`cos`	`cos(value)`	Returns the cosine of `value`.
`count`	`count(expression)`	Returns the count of non-`null` values in the column defined by `expression`, unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the count in each list.
`count_distinct`	`count_distinct(expression)`	Returns the count of distinct non-`null` values in the column defined by `expression`, unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the count in each list.
`covar_pop`	`covar_pop(column_1, column_2)`	Returns the population covariance of `column_1` and `column_2`.
`covar_samp`	`covar_samp(column_1, column_2)`	Returns the sample covariance of `column_1` and `column_2`.
`degrees`	`degrees(value)`	Converts `value` from radians to degrees.
`expon_dist`	`expon_dist(value, lambda, cumulative)`	Returns the position of `value` on the exponential distribution with parameter `lambda`. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`f_dist`	`f_dist(value, dof_1, dof_2, cumulative)`	Returns the position of `value` on the F distribution with parameters `dof_1` and `dof_2`. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`f_inv`	`f_inv(probability, dof_1, dof_2)`	Returns the position of `probability` on the inverse cumulative F distribution with parameters `dof_1` and `dof_2`.
`fact`	`fact(value)`	Returns the factorial of `value`.
`gamma_dist`	`gamma_dist(value, alpha, beta, cumulative)`	Returns the position of `value` on the gamma distribution with parameters `alpha` and `beta`. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`gamma_inv`	`gamma_inv(probability, alpha, beta)`	Returns the position of `probability` on the inverse cumulative gamma distribution with parameters `alpha` and `beta`.
`geomean`	`geomean(expression)`	Returns the geometric mean of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the geometric mean of each list.
`hypgeom_dist`	`hypgeom_dist(sample_successes, sample_size, population_successes, population_size, cumulative)`	Returns the probability of getting `sample_successes` from the given `sample_size`, number of `population_successes`, and `population_size`. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`intercept`	`intercept(y_column, x_column)`	Returns the intercept of the linear regression line through the points determined by `y_column` and `x_column`.
`kurtosis`	`kurtosis(expression)`	Returns the sample excess kurtosis of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the sample excess kurtosis of each list.
`large`	`large(expression, k)`	Returns the `k`th largest value of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the `k`th largest value of each list.
`match`	`match(value, expression)`	Returns the row number of the first occurrence of `value` in the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the position of `value` in each list.
`max`	`max(expression)`	Returns the max of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the max of each list.
`mean`	`mean(expression)`	Returns the mean of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the mean of each list.
`median`	`median(expression)`	Returns the median of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the median of each list.
`min`	`min(expression)`	Returns the min of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the min of each list.
`mode`	`mode(expression)`	Returns the mode of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the mode of each list.
`multinomial`	`multinomial(value_1, value_2, ...)`	Returns the factorial of the sum of the arguments divided by the product of each of their factorials.
`negbinom_dist`	`negbinom_dist(num_failures, num_successes, probability, cumulative)`	Returns the probability of getting `num_failures` failures before getting `num_successes` successes, with the given `probability` of success. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`norm_dist`	`norm_dist(value, mean, stdev, cumulative)`	Returns the position of `value` on the normal distribution with the given `mean` and `stdev`. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`norm_inv`	`norm_inv(probability, mean, stdev)`	Returns the position of `probability` on the inverse normal cumulative distribution.
`norm_s_dist`	`norm_s_dist(value, cumulative)`	Returns the position of `value` on the standard normal distribution. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`norm_s_inv`	`norm_s_inv(probability)`	Returns the position of `probability` on the inverse standard normal cumulative distribution.
`percent_rank`	`percent_rank(column, value)`	Returns the rank of `value` in `column` as a percentage from 0 to 1 inclusive, where `column` is the column, field, list, or range containing the dataset to consider; and `value` is the column with the value for which the percentage rank will be determined. Sample Usage: `percent_rank(${view_name.field_1}, ${view_name.field_1})` `percent_rank(list(1, 2, 3), ${view_name.field_1})` `percent_rank(list(1, 2, 3), 2)`
`percentile`	`percentile(expression, percentile_value)`	Returns the value from the column created by `expression` corresponding to the given `percentile_value`, unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the percentile value for each list. `percentile_value` must be between 0 and 1; otherwise returns `null`.
`pi`	`pi()`	Returns the value of pi.
`poisson_dist`	`poisson_dist(value, lambda, cumulative)`	Returns the position of `value` on the poisson distribution with parameter `lambda`. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`product`	`product(expression)`	Returns the product of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the product of each list.
`radians`	`radians(value)`	Converts `value` from degrees to radians.
`rank`	`rank(value, expression)`	Returns the rank of `value` in the column created by `expression`. For example, if you want to rank orders by their total sale price, you could use `rank(${order_items.total_sale_price},${order_items.total_sale_price})`, which gives a rank for each value of `order_items.total_sale_price` in your query when comparing it to the entire column of `order_items.total_sale_price` in your query. In the case where the `expression` defines multiple lists, this function returns the relative size of the `value` in each list.
`rank_avg`	`rank_avg(value, expression)`	Returns the average rank of `value` in the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the average rank of `value` in each list.
`running_product`	`running_product(value_column)`	Returns a running product of the values in `value_column`.
`running_total`	`running_total(value_column)`	Returns a running total of the values in `value_column`.
`sin`	`sin(value)`	Returns the sine of `value`.
`skew`	`skew(expression)`	Returns the sample skewness of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the sample skewness of each list.
`slope`	`slope(y_column, x_column)`	Returns the slope of the linear regression line through points determined by `y_column` and `x_column`.
`small`	`small(expression, k)`	Returns the `k`th smallest value of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the `k`th smallest value of each list.
`stddev_pop`	`stddev_pop(expression)`	Returns the standard deviation (population) of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the standard deviation (population) of each list.
`stddev_samp`	`stddev_samp(expression)`	Returns the standard deviation (sample) of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the standard deviation (sample) of each list.
`sum`	`sum(expression)`	Returns the sum of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the sum of each list.
`t_dist`	`t_dist(value, dof, cumulative)`	Returns the position of `value` on the Student's t-distribution with `dof` degrees of freedom. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`t_inv`	`t_inv(probability, dof)`	Returns the position of `probability` on the inverse normal cumulative distribution with `dof` degrees of freedom.
`t_test`	`t_test(column_1, column_2, tails, type)`	Returns the result of a Student's t-test on the data from `column_1` and `column_2`, using 1 or 2 `tails`. `type`: 1 = paired, 2 = homoscedastic, 3 = heteroscedastic.
`tan`	`tan(value)`	Returns the tangent of `value`.
`var_pop`	`var_pop(expression)`	Returns the variance (population) of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the variance (population) of each list.
`var_samp`	`var_samp(expression)`	Returns the variance (sample) of the column created by `expression` unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the variance (sample) of each list.
`weibull_dist`	`weibull_dist(value, shape, scale, cumulative)`	Returns the position of `value` on the Weibull distribution with parameters `shape` and `scale`. If `cumulative = yes`, returns the cumulative probability.
`z_test`	`z_test(data, value, stdev)`	Returns the one-tailed p-value of the z-test using the existing `data` and `stdev` on the hypothesized mean `value`.

Operators for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

You can use the following standard mathematical operators:

Operator	Syntax	Purpose

Operator	Syntax	Purpose
`+`	`value_1 + value_2`	Adds `value_1` and `value_2`.
`-`	`value_1 - value_2`	Subtracts `value_2` from `value_1`.
`*`	`value_1 * value_2`	Multiplies `value_1` and `value_2`.
`/`	`value_1 / value_2`	Divides `value_1` by `value_2`.

String Functions

String functions operate on sentences, words, or letters, which are collectively called "strings." You can use string functions to capitalize words and letters, extract parts of a phrase, check to see if a word or letter is in a phrase, or replace elements of a word or phrase. String functions can also be used to format the data returned in the table.

Functions for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`concat`	`concat(value_1, value_2, ...)`	Returns `value_1`, `value_2`, `...`, `value_n` joined as one string.
`contains`	`contains(string, search_string)`	Returns `Yes` if `string` contains `search_string`, and `No` otherwise. The `contains` function is case-sensitive.
`length`	`length(string)`	Returns the number of characters in `string`.
`lower`	`lower(string)`	Returns `string` with all characters converted to lowercase.
`position`	`position(string, search_string)`	Returns the start index of `search_string` in `string` if it exists, and `0` otherwise.
`replace`	`replace(string, old_string, new_string)`	Returns `string` with all occurrences of `old_string` replaced with `new_string`.
`substring`	`substring(string, start_position, length)`	Returns the substring of `string`, beginning at `start_position`, consisting of `length` characters. The `start_position` starts at `1`, with `1` indicating the first character in the string, `2` indicating the second character in the string, and so on.
`upper`	`upper(string)`	Returns `string` with all characters converted to uppercase.

Functions for table calculations only

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`split`	`split(string, delimeter)`	Returns a list of strings in `string` broken up by `delimiter`.
`to_number`	`to_number(string)`	Returns the number represented by `string`, or `null` if the string cannot be converted.
`to_string`	`to_string(value)`	Returns the string representation of `value`, or an empty string if `value` is null.

Date Functions

Date functions enable you to work with dates and times.

Functions for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`add_days`	`add_days(number, date)`	Adds `number` days to `date`.
`add_hours`	`add_hours(number, date)`	Adds `number` hours to `date`.
`add_minutes`	`add_minutes(number, date)`	Adds `number` minutes to `date`.
`add_months`	`add_months(number, date)`	Adds `number` months to `date`.
`add_seconds`	`add_seconds(number, date)`	Adds `number` seconds to `date`.
`add_years`	`add_years(number, date)`	Adds `number` years to `date`.
`date`	`date(year, month, day)`	Returns "`year-month-day`" date or `null` if the date would be invalid.
`date_time`	`date_time(year, month, day, hours, minutes, seconds)`	Returns `year-month-day hours:minutes:seconds` date or `null` if the date would be invalid.
`diff_days`	`diff_days(start_date, end_date)`	Returns the number of days between `start_date` and `end_date`.
`diff_hours`	`diff_hours(start_date, end_date)`	Returns the number of hours between `start_date` and `end_date`.
`diff_minutes`	`diff_minutes(start_date, end_date)`	Returns the number of minutes between `start_date` and `end_date`.
`diff_months`	`diff_months(start_date, end_date)`	Returns the number of months between `start_date` and `end_date`.
`diff_seconds`	`diff_seconds(start_date, end_date)`	Returns the number of seconds between `start_date` and `end_date`.
`diff_years`	`diff_years(start_date, end_date)`	Returns the number of years between `start_date` and `end_date`.
`extract_days`	`extract_days(date)`	Extracts the days from `date`.
`extract_hours`	`extract_hours(date)`	Extracts the hours from `date`.
`extract_minutes`	`extract_minutes(date)`	Extracts the minutes from `date`.
`extract_months`	`extract_months(date)`	Extracts the months from `date`.
`extract_seconds`	`extract_seconds(date)`	Extracts the seconds from `date`.
`extract_years`	`extract_years(date)`	Extracts the years from `date`.
`now`	`now()`	Returns the current date and time.
`trunc_days`	`trunc_days(date)`	Truncates `date` to days.
`trunc_hours`	`trunc_hours(date)`	Truncates `date` to hours.
`trunc_minutes`	`trunc_minutes(date)`	Truncates `date` to minutes.
`trunc_months`	`trunc_months(date)`	Truncates `date` to months.
`trunc_years`	`trunc_years(date)`	Truncates `date` to years.

Functions for table calculations only

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`to_date`	`to_date(string)`	Returns the date and time corresponding to `string` (YYYY, YYYY-MM, YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY-MM-DD hh, YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm, or YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss).

Logical Functions, Operators, and Constants

Logical functions and operators are used to assess whether something is true or false. Expressions using these elements take a value, evaluate it against some criteria, return Yes if the criteria are met, and No if the criteria are not met. There are also various logical operators for comparing values and combining logical expressions.

Functions for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`case`	`case(when(yesno_arg, value_if_yes), when(yesno_arg, value_if_yes), ..., else_value)`	Allows conditional logic with multiple conditions and outcomes. Returns `value_if_yes` for the first `when` case whose `yesno_arg` value is `yes`. Returns `else_value` if all `when` cases are `no`.
`coalesce`	`coalesce(value_1, value_2, ...)`	Returns the first non-`null` value in `value_1`, `value_2`, `...`, `value_n` if found and `null` otherwise.
`if`	`if(yesno_expression, value_if_yes, value_if_no)`	If `yesno_expression` evaluates to `Yes`, returns the `value_if_yes` value. Otherwise, returns the `value_if_no` value.
`is_null`	`is_null(value)`	Returns `Yes` if `value` is `null`, and `No` otherwise.

Operators for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

The following comparison operators can be used with any data type:

Operator	Syntax	Purpose

Operator	Syntax	Purpose
`=`	`value_1 = value_2`	Returns `Yes` if `value_1` is equal to `value_2`, and `No` otherwise.
`!=`	`value_1 != value_2`	Returns `Yes` if `value_1` is not equal to `value_2`, and `No` otherwise.

The following comparison operators can be used with numbers, dates, and strings:

Operator	Syntax	Purpose

Operator	Syntax	Purpose
`>`	`value_1 > value_2`	Returns `Yes` if `value_1` is greater than `value_2`, and `No` otherwise.
`<`	`value_1 < value_2`	Returns `Yes` if `value_1` is less than `value_2`, and `No` otherwise.
`>=`	`value_1 >= value_2`	Returns `Yes` if `value_1` is greater than or equal to `value_2`, and `No` otherwise.
`<=`	`value_1 <= value_2`	Returns `Yes` if `value_1` is less than or equal to `value_2`, and `No` otherwise.

You also can combine expressions with these logical operators:

Operator	Syntax	Purpose

Operator	Syntax	Purpose
`AND`	`value_1 AND value_2`	Returns `Yes` if both `value_1` and `value_2` are `Yes`, and `No` otherwise.
`OR`	`value_1 OR value_2`	Returns `Yes` if either `value_1` or `value_2` is `Yes`, and `No` otherwise.
`NOT`	`NOT value`	Returns `Yes` if `value` is `No`, and `No` otherwise.

⚠️ These logical operators must be capitalized. Logical operators written in lowercase will not work.

Logical constants

You can use logical constants in Looker expressions. These constants are always written in lowercase and have the following meanings:

Constant	Meaning

Constant	Meaning
`yes`	True
`no`	False
`null`	No value

Note that the constants yes and no are the special symbols that mean true or false in expressions. In contrast, using quotes such as in "yes" and "no" creates literal strings with those values.

Logical expressions evaluate to true or false without requiring an if function. For example, this:

if(${field} > 100, yes, no)

is equivalent to this:

${field} > 100

You also can use null to indicate no value. For example, you may want to determine if a field is empty, or assign an empty value in a certain situation. This formula returns no value if the field is less than 1, or the value of the field if it is more than 1:

if(${field} < 1, null, ${field})

Combining `AND` and `OR` operators

AND operators are evaluated before OR operators, if you don't otherwise specify the order with parentheses. Thus, the following expression without additional parentheses:

if (
  ${order_items.days_to_process}>=4 OR
  ${order_items.shipping_time}>5 AND
  ${order_facts.is_first_purchase},
"review", "okay")

would be evaluated as:

if (
  ${order_items.days_to_process}>=4 OR
  (${order_items.shipping_time}>5 AND ${order_facts.is_first_purchase}),
"review", "okay")

Positional Functions

When creating table calculations, you can use positional transformation functions to extract information about fields in different rows or pivot columns. You can also create lists and retrieve the current row or pivot column index.

Column and row totals for table calculations only

If your Explore contains totals, you can reference total values for columns and rows:

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`:total`	`${field:total}`	Returns the column total of the field.
`:row_total`	`${field:row_total}`	Returns the row total of the field.

Row-related functions for table calculations only

Some of these functions use the relative positions of rows, so changing the sort order of the rows affects the results of the functions.

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`index`	`index(expression, n)`	Returns the value of the `n`th element of the column created by `expression`, unless `expression` defines a column of lists, in which case returns the `n`th element of each list.
`list`	`list(value_1, value_2, ...)`	Creates a list out of the given values.
`lookup`	`lookup(value, lookup_column, result_column)`	Returns the value in `result_column` that is in the same row as `value` is in `lookup_column`.
`offset`	`offset(column, row_offset)`	Returns the value of row `(n + row_offset)` in `column`, where `n` is the current row number.
`offset_list`	`offset_list(column, row_offset, num_values)`	Returns a list of the `num_values` values starting at row `(n + row_offset)` in `column`, where `n` is the current row number.
`row`	`row()`	Returns the current row number.

Pivot-related functions for table calculations only

Some of these functions use the relative positions of pivot columns, so changing the sort order of the pivoted dimension affects the results of those functions.

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`pivot_column`	`pivot_column()`	Returns the index of the current pivot column.
`pivot_index`	`pivot_index(expression, pivot_index)`	Evaluates `expression` in the context of the pivot column at position `pivot_index` (1 for first pivot, 2 second pivot, etc.). Returns null for unpivoted results.
`pivot_offset`	`pivot_offset(pivot_expression, col_offset)`	Returns the value of the `pivot_expression` in position `(n + col_offset)`, where `n` is the current pivot column position. Returns null for unpivoted results.
`pivot_offset_list`	`pivot_offset_list(pivot_expression, col_offset, num_values)`	Returns a list of the `num_values` values in `pivot_expression` starting at position `(n + col_offset)`, where `n` is the current pivot index. Returns `null` for unpivoted results.
`pivot_row`	`pivot_row(expression)`	Returns the pivoted values of `expression` as a list. Returns `null` for unpivoted results.
`pivot_where`	`pivot_where(select_expression, expression)`	Returns the value of `expression` for the pivot column that uniquely satisfies `select_expression` or `null` if such a unique column does not exist.

The specific pivot functions you use determine whether the table calculation is displayed next to each pivoted column, or is displayed as a single column at the end of the table.

Filter Functions for Custom Filters and Custom Fields

Filter functions let you work with filter expressions to return values based on filtered data. Filter functions work in custom filters, filters on custom measures, and custom dimensions, but are not valid in table calculations.

Function	Syntax	Purpose

Function	Syntax	Purpose
`matches_filter`	`matches_filter(field, filter_expression)`	Returns `Yes` if the value of the field matches the filter expression, `No` if not.

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[Analytics] Functions and Operators

Some functions are only available for table calculations

Mathematical Functions and Operators

Functions for any expression

Functions for table calculations only

Operators for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

String Functions

Functions for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Functions for table calculations only

Date Functions

Functions for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Functions for table calculations only

Logical Functions, Operators, and Constants

Functions for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Operators for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Logical constants

Combining `AND` and `OR` operators

Positional Functions

Column and row totals for table calculations only

Row-related functions for table calculations only

Pivot-related functions for table calculations only

Filter Functions for Custom Filters and Custom Fields

Related content

[Analytics] Functions and Operators

Some functions are only available for table calculations

Mathematical Functions and Operators

Functions for any expression

Functions for table calculations only

Operators for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

String Functions

Functions for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Functions for table calculations only

Date Functions

Functions for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Functions for table calculations only

Logical Functions, Operators, and Constants

Functions for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Operators for any SC Analytics (Looker) expression

Logical constants

Combining AND and OR operators

Positional Functions

Column and row totals for table calculations only

Row-related functions for table calculations only

Pivot-related functions for table calculations only

Filter Functions for Custom Filters and Custom Fields

Related content

Combining `AND` and `OR` operators